Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is new sort in wireless ad-hoc networks. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication is one of the main communication paradigms that provide a level of safety and convenience to drivers and passengers on the road. In such environment, routing data packet is challenging due to frequently changed of network topology because of highly dynamic nature of vehicles. Thus, routing in VANETs in require for efficient protocols that guarantee message transmission among vehicles. Numerous routing protocols and algorithms have been proposed or enhanced to solve the aforementioned problems. Many position based routing protocols have been developed for routing messages that have been identified to be appropriate for VANETs. This work explores the performances of selected unicast non-delay tolerant overlay position-based routing protocols. The evaluation has been conducted in highway and urban environment in two different scenarios. The evaluation metrics that are used are Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Void Problem Occurrence (VPO), and Average Hop Count (AHC).

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Journal: Vol. 13 No. 2

Determination of optimum combination of cropping area of two or more crops to be produced is crucial issue to reduce production risks. This study investigated a simple optimization procedure to minimize production risks. The procedure concentrated on making the optimum use of land in double cropping of tomatoes and cucumber. The analysis was carried out using eleven combinations of cultivated land area ranging from 0% to 100% for each of the two crops. The study utilized data related to cultivated areas, quantities of production and wholesale market prices of tomato and cucumber crops for a period of 10 years (2008-2017). The data were retrieved and downloaded from the website of the Jordanian Department of Statistics. The results of the study suggest that double cropping of tomatoes and cucumber in Jordan is a useful cultivation system in reducing production risks by growing 30% of the area with tomatoes and 70% of the area with cucumber. The study recommended that agricultural extension activities should be directed to encourage farmers to benefit from simple land use optimization procedures in their double cropping activities for best land resource allocation such as the one adopted in this study.

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Journal: Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 27 (No 1) 2021, 22–28

The progressive rise in technological and socio-economic dynamics has given rise to certain social challenges which resulted from inadequate transference of values successive generations among several societies. This study aims to ascertain the degree to which faculty members of Imam Abdul-Rahman Bin Faisal University possess educational and social values. To achieve this objective, a structured questionnaire was designed to collect primary data from 360 students of the university. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents. The data obtained were analyzed statistically with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20. The results shows that most (142, 40.6%) of the students (respondents) reported that faculty members possessed high degree of imparting students with information and knowledge. Majority of the respondents (37.1%) reported a low degree of freedom of students within the lecture. Also, the faculty members generally possessed a medium degree of social values such as integrity (35.1%), modesty (39.4%), empathy (36.6%); training of students on social responsibility (39.4%), altruism and enhancement of students’ citizenship values (40.0%); dedication/teamwork/healthy dealings with others (37.7%). Furthermore, the correlation between educational and social values is 0.993 indicating a positively strong relationship between educational and social values. The p-value was less than 0.05 indicating that there was no statistically significant correlation between the variables of educational and social values.

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Journal: Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 2021, V(20), N (3).

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a training program based on creative thinking skills in the development of self-concept among gifted and outstanding students in the Deanship of the preparatory year.In order to achieve the objectives of this study, three questions were answered. The sample consisted of (55) male and female students in the Deanship of the Preparatory Year at Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University. Moreover, a training program was designed based on creative thinking skills.It was applied to the members of the experimental group during the first and second semester of the academic year (2017/2018).The self-concept measure of Kilani and Abbas (1981) was applied on the control and experimental groups as pre and post scales by (6) training sessions each week to verify the effectiveness of the training program.After conducting the ANCOVA test, the study reached a set of results.In the light of these findings, the researchers recommend the need to pay attention to the skills of creative thinking and to conduct further studies on their use and benefit in all areas and at different stages of life.

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Journal: Multicultural Education, V (7), N (1)

Legal scholarship has confirmed that international Islamic law and international law are considered as influential systems of reference rules. Recent studies neglect several individual fields of Islamic law, particularly the area of foreign relations. These studies overlook specific features of treaty-conduct in Islamic jurisprudence. Therefore, this study aims at exploring the nature of treaties in Islamic jurisprudence and international law by explaining the relation between Islamic jurisprudence and international law in terms of the nature of treaties. The findings revealed that treaties based on international law are consistent with Islamic law. Further studies may be conducted on treaties relevant to the contemporary world. Conclusions will be presented accordingly

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Journal: International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change Volume 15, Issue 3, 2021

Journal: ; Vol. 9, No. 9; 2017

Journal: ; Vol. 9, No. 9; 2017