Effect of Milk Powder Supplementation on Growth Performance of Broilers
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding milk powder on the growth performance of broilers. Two hundred Lohman broiler males were purchased and reared for 35 days. Chicks were randomly divided into two groups, each group assigned to 10 experimental units and reared in 10 identical pens (10 birds/m2). After a week from purchasing, birds were weighed and assigned to two diets, the control diet (0% milk powder) and the experimental diet (0.5% milk powder). Feed intake and body weight gain were recorded weekly, while feed conversion ratio was calculated. It was noted that body weight gain was improved at week four and five of the experimental period for birds fed rations supplemented with 0.5% of milk powder compared with birds fed the diet contains 0% milk powder with an average body weight gain of 1.20 and 1.92 kg for birds fed 0.5% milk powder diet, and 1.11 kg 1.71 kg for birds fed 0% milk powder diet. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was shown in feed conversion ratio for the birds fed 0.5% of milk powder diet from week two till five with 1.39, 0.89, 0.84, and 0.59 respectively, compared with birds fed the 0% milk powder diet with 1.55, 0.99, 0.97, and 0.69 respectively. Therefore, feeding broilers rations supplemented with 0.5% milk powder significantly (p < 0.05) increased weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to birds fed 0% milk powder diet, which indicate that milk powder supplementation might be effective and improved growth performance.
Journal: Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 7, No. 8; 2015
Relationship between Birth Weight and Body Growth of Awassi Lambs during Early Weaning
A study was conducted to find the relationship between body weight of male and female Awassi lambs at birth with their body development at early weaning period. Sixty lambs were used and divided into two groups (I, II). Each group was consisted of 30 lambs and divided into two subgroups (15 male and 15 female). Groups formed according to body weight at birth as follows: Group I, lambs with less than 3kg of weight; and Group II, lambs with more or equal than 3 kg of weight. Lambs were kept with their mothers and suckling ad libitum throughout the experimental period and were weighed at birth day (1 day old), at 30 days, and at 60 days. Differences between groups of lambs at 60 days of age were significant (p<0.05). Correlations ranged from low to moderate among the respective traits and ranged between positive from 0.505 to 0.762 and negative from 0.181 to -0.513. Highest correlation in this study found between age (1-60) in male lambs (0.762) and in female lambs (0.659) of group II. The correlation coefficient effect at 60 days of age was higher in males than females lambs (p<0.05) where the correlation coefficient was 66% for male and 50% for female lambs. Therefore, lambs with heavier birth weights, showed the best production results in the development of body weight during the period of 60 days of early weaning process, which indicated that selection of lambs with greater birth weight may contribute to increasing Awassi lamb body development and growth. Keywords: Awassi sheep, Body growth, Correlation, Early weaning
Journal: Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare Vol.5, No.24, 2015
معتصم المساد و عطا ، ميساء و الطراونة ، محمد و الطاھات ، ابراھيم
Problems Faced by Broilers Producers of in Amman Governorate
أجريت ھذه الدراسة بھدف التعرف على المشكلات التي تواجه مربي دجاج اللحم في . مربي149 محافظة عمان، من خلال استبيان وزع على عينة من تم تصميم استبيان خاص لجمع البيانات المتعقة بالخصائص الشخصية كالمستوى التعليمي والخبرة والتفرغ والدورات زارع التربية ككفاء َ التدريبية ورأس المال والقروض وتناول الاستبيان خصائص م ة التشغيل وعمر المشروع وطرق التربية وعدد الحظائر والتشغيل والسعة الإنتاجية ونظام التفويج . وتكون الجزء الثاني من الاستبيان من أسئلة تتعلق بالمشكلات الإنتاجية والإدارية والمالية والتسويقية .ت أظھرت نتائج الدراسة أن المشكلات الإدارية والمالية ھي الأكثر أھمية ليھا التسويقية، حيث تبين أن مشكلات ارتفاع أسعار الكھرباء َ المشكلات الإنتاجية ومن ثم والمحروقات وارتفاع تكاليف الأعلاف من أھم المشكلات الإدارية والمالية، وأن مصدر الصوص وإنتشار الأمراض من أھم المشاكل الإنتاجية أما مشكلات تذبذب سعر البيع ومنافسة الدجاج المس تورد في السوق المحلي من أھم المشكلات التسويقية، كما أظھرت النتائج وجود علاقة معنوية بين الخصائص الشخصية وأھمية درجة تاثير المشكلات التي تواجه مربي دجاج .P<0.05 اللحم عند مستوى معنوية توصي الدراسة بتنظيم وعقد ورش ارشادية دورية للمربين لإرشادھم حول الأسس الف نية السليمة في التربية، وتوجيه إھتمام أصحاب القرار حول الحد من إستيراد الدجاج المجمد وتشديد الرقابة على مخازن الأدوية البيطرية للتأكد من سلامة التخزين واللقاحات حسب الاسس والمواصفات المطلوبة للحد من انتشار الأمراض.
Journal: مجلة جامعة النجاح للأبحاث )الانسانية (9) 28 العلوم (المجلد ،2014
1Ashraf Omar Fawwaz Khashroom,2 Shamaail Abdulaali Saewan,3 Saher Sabih George,4 Hani Hamad 1Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jordan. E-mail: askshb@yahoo.com 2Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq. E-mail: shamaail@yahoo.com 3Department of Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Iraq. E-mail: saher_sg@yahoo.com 4Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jordan. E-mail: hanihamad14@yahoo.com
Chemical and Microbial Environmental Contaminants in Fruits and Vegetables and their Effects on Health
The fresh food products like fruits and vegetables became an important element in the consumer’s daily meal in view of their high nutritional value, low caloric value, availability, and somewhat low prices. Most of the fruits and vegetables contain a high percentage of water that ranges from 78% in potatoes to 94.8% in lettuce. As well, their protein and fat contents do not exceed 3.5% and 0.5%, respectively, except some cases such as raisin and dates, whose water content is low and which can not be considered as fresh in comparison with other fruits.
Demand on these products is ever growing. But, similar to other agricultural products, they are prone to pollution and/or spoilage, either naturally or by human interference. The first manifestation of spoilage starts from the soil in which the crops are planted as a result of their pollution with acidic rain water or polluted irrigation water; human and animal wastes; sanitary drainage water (sewage); fertilizer and pesticide residues; oil pollution; and microbial pollution with bacteria, fungi, and parasites of their various types, as well as the residual toxins and excretions which result from them and that adversely impact the agricultural products, and, in consequence, consumer’s health.
Use of organic fertilizers is regarded as safer than use of chemical fertilizers. If the latter are used rationally and at concentration that does not exceed 300 kg/ha, then this will not lead to accumulation of the toxic chemical elements in the soil (Moustafa, 2018). Hence comes the importance of finding the suitable ways and solutions for reducing extent of hazard of these pollutants through which (the solutions) the consumer guarantees her/his safety and non-exposure to diseases, as well as reducing the treatment costs resulting from effects of pollution of its different kinds
Hani Hamad1* 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan. Ashraf Khashroum2 2Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan Bassam Aldeseit3 3Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26150, Jordan.
Nutritional and Health Outcomes of Household Food Insecurity (HFIS)
Poverty, food security and malnutrition are major concerns among international health, development
and economic organizations. Attention has been focused on means of eliminating food insecurity and hunger
world-wide. Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to
sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy
life. Household food security is the application of this concept to the family level, with individuals within
households as the focus of concern. (FAO, 2009).
The complex nature of food security indicates that in order to achieve a food secure status in a
population, a range of aspects need to be assessed. Some examples on these encircle equitable sharing among
household members; sufficient household production dedicated towards subsistence; use of soil, water and
biodiversity conservation techniques; and the sanitary aspects of cooking. (Bhattacharya et al., 2004). Because of
conceptuality, the food insecurity is a multidimensional array of behaviors and perceptions and its potential
determinants and consequences are wide-ranging and multidimensional. As a result, the emerging direct
qualitative measures of food security offer large potential for use at the international, national and sub-national
levels. Furthermore, the increased attention has led to the realization that newer methods for monitoring the
prevalence and severity of hunger and food insecurity are needed and that such methods need to be developed in
a manner that reflects the perception of food security and hunger by those affected, e.g. the poor (Kennedy,
2002b). Definitions, Measurements, Socio-Demographic and Economic Aspects of Household Food Insecurity
(HFIS) had been extensively explained in previous work (Hamad & Ashraf, 2016). In this review, the work
focused on the Nutritional and Health Outcomes of Household Food Insecurity (HFIS)
Journal: Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.4, 2016
Hani J. Hamad1* Ahmad A. Gharaibeh1 Motasem Al-Masad2 Ahmad Q. Al-Momani2 Wasfy Hamad3 Ashraf Khashroum4 1.Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, Jerash, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110 Jordan 2.Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan 3.MD,FCCP Chief, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Respiratory Medicine, Alkhor Hospital, Alkhor, Qatar. 4.Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan
Comparison Between the Effects of Different Sources of Dietary Fiber on Blood Lipid Profile in Rats
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different sources of dietary fiber on serum lipids and
lipoproteins in Sprague-Dawley rats, namely total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high–density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) triglyceride (TG), and (HDL-C/LDL-C) ratio. The
experimental diets included casein diet, untreated wheat bran diet, soaked wheat bran diet, Arabic white bread
diet, lupine diet, chickpea and pectin diet. Each group of rats (6/group) was fed one of the seven prepared diets
for 6 weeks. Untreated wheat bran has hypercholesterolemic effect since it significantly (p<0.05) increased TC,
LDL-C and decreased HDL-C values as compared with treated bran diets. The soaking process lowered
significantly (p<0.05) TC and LDL-C levels in comparison with casein diet. Chickpea diet had higher significant
value of HDL-C than soaked wheat bran and lupine diets. However, it was not significantly different from casein
and untreated wheat bran diet. In addition, Chickpea diet had a significantly higher HDL-C value than pectin
diet. The values of HDL-C of the Lupine diet are not significantly different (p>0.05) from casein and pectin diets,
but it has also decreased LDL-C. White bread was found to have no hypocholesterolemic effect in comparison
with treated brans groups and control group; it raised TG, TC and LDL-C levels. Pectin had a similar behavior in
a remarkable decrease blood TC and LDL-C cholesterol. White bread was found to have no
hypocholesterolemic effect in comparison with treated brans groups and control group; it raised TG, TC and
LDL-C levels. It is concluded that the behavior of cereals and legumes varies in its effect on cholesterol–
lowering ability. Preparation of wheat bran foods by soaking improve some physiological characteristics of
insoluble fibers, particularly lowering total cholesterol TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C).
Journal: Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.12 2016
Ashraf Khashroum Assisstant professor , Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan
Effect of Different Levels of Saline Water on Tomato Production Under Saline Soil Condition
Abstract
In 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 a research was conducted in Al-Mafraq city, Jordan. The study design used was the
Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The main treatments that were used in the farm were different
amounts of irrigation by 50%, 75%, 100% and 125%. Also, the flowering of both seasons used fresh water by
0.7ds/m, saline water by 5.5 ds/m and alternative fresh water. There are three sub-main water quality treatments.
By using these sub-main treatments, the research showed that there was an increase in tomato production every
season due to the increase in the amount of irrigation. The products that could be marketed increased in a huge
way, for instance in the first season, fresh treatment achieved 34.67 ton/ha in 2013/2014, and the alternate
treatment achieved 31.96 ton/ha over the saline treatment by 22.99ton/ha for 125% of irrigation level. In this
period, it was shown that there was a significant increase in the total soluble solids that improved saline
treatment by 6.8% compared to fresh water treatment by 5.2% that was before 5.57%. In this season, due to the
use of 60.13gm water treatment instead of 54.04 of saline treatment under 125% irrigation level, it led to a
massive significant increase in the average fruit weight. In the second season, which occurred during the period
of 2014/2015 where the prior treatment was 0.91ton/ha which improved realty to 1.47ton/ha while the treatment
for saline used 10.66ton/ha for 125% of irrigation level. In this season however, the highest total soluble solids
(TSS) value for the saline treatment was 7.24% with 50% of irrigation level, so, there was a decrease in soluble
solids. In this second season of 2014/2015, the use of saline treatment was 33.24gm and fresh water treatment
was 47.35% under 125% of irrigation level, which led to an increase in fruit weight transforming it from the
average weight to higher weight by 50.55%gm. It has been found that salinity of the surface layers decrease
under the50% and 75% irrigation levels while the decrease in salinity for the other depths was related to the
higher levels of applied water by 100% and 125%. Therefore, the salinity development in a soil varies in the
amount of water irrigation.
Journal: Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online) Vol.6, No.18, 2016
تزاحم حقوق الامتياز وتنظيمها في القانون الأردني (دراسة مقارنة)
منح المشرع للدائن الحق في استيفاء حقه من الذمة المالية للمدين عن طريق ما يسمى بالضمان العام للدائنين والذي هو عبارة عن أموال المدين التي تجيز المشرع الحجز عليها استيفاءً لحقوق الدائنين.
ويتزاحم جميع الدائنين على هذا الضمان العام لاقتضاء حقوقهم منه، إلا أنه لا يتقدم أحد الدائنين باستيفاء حقه من الضمان العام على الآخرين، إلا إذا كان هذا التقدم في استيفاء الحق معززاً بسند قانوني كأن يكون هذا الدائن مرتهناً لمال أو أموال من هذا الضمان العام، أو يكون القانون رتب بحق هذا الدائن امتيازاً قانونياً يستأثر، بمقتضاه الدائن، باستيفاء حقه كاملاً متقدماً على باقي الدائنين فلا يتراحم معهم.
إلا أنه يفترض أن يتعدد أصحاب الحقوق الممتازة لاستيفاء حقوقهم من الذمة المالية للمدين، التي لا تتسع لوفاء هذه الحقوق كلها، فتبرز مهمة ترجيح بعض هذه الحقوق على نظائرها في ترتيب الاستيفاء، أو أن تقسم العناصر الإيجابية لذمة المدين قسمة غرماء، لوفاء هذه الحقوق الممتازة، والذي يتولى بيان الحكم في هاتين الصورتين هو المشرع، لأنه هو الذي يجعل حقاً ما حقاً ممتازاً عن غيره من حقوق الدائنين، وإذا ما ميزه المشرع عن غيره حدّد كذلك مرتبته، وعالج أمر تزاحمه مع غيره من الحقوق الممتازة.
إذ يعالج المشرع هذا الأمر ويتصدى له، يضع أولاً ضوابط عامة يستهدي بها في سبيل ترتيب حقوق الامتياز.
فالمشرع إذ هو الذي يرتب سلم حقوق الامتياز مرتباً إياها تنازلياً من أعلى السلم نزولاً إلى المراتب السفلى، مراعياً في ذلك دواعي منح هذا الحق أو علة منح حق ما الامتياز على غيره، مما يثقل كاهل المدين بالتزامات، هذه المراعاة التي أساسها صفة خاصة بالدين جعلته أولى بعناية المشرع من غيره من حقوق الدائنين، دونما نظر إلى تاريخ نشوء هذا الحق بالمقارنة باستحقاقات الدائنين الآخرين. أما إذا تزاحمت الحقوق الممتازة التي منحها المشرع في مرتبة واحدة وكانت الذمة المالية لا تقوى على وفائها كلها، فإن المشرع يجعلها تستوفى وفقاً لقاعدة قسمة الغرماء أي بنسبة كل منها إلى مجموعها. هذا الامتياز القانوني هو موضوع هذا البحث والذي سنتناوله في مبحثين المبحث الأول: معنى حقوق الامتياز وسند مشروعيتها والمبحث الثاني: تزاحم حقوق الامتياز من حيث تزاحمها فيما بينها، أو تزاحمها مع غيرها من الحقوق المضمونة برهون.
Ashraf Khashroum Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box: 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan
The Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on the Underground Water Quality of the Amman, Zarqa and Balqa Regions in Jordan
Abstract : The demand for water and land resources is rapidly increasing with increasing population and human
activities in Jordan . Current land use activities have led to a loss of vegetation cover and a decrease in
underground water quality . Remote sensing and GIS technologies and standard water quality analysis
techniques were used to assess the vegetation cover and the underground water quality for three selected
zones in the Amman -Zarqa basin . The objectives of this study were to determine how land use and land cover
changes have affected the underground water quality of the Amman , Zarqa and Balqa regions in Jordan.
Underground water quality data from selected wells for 2004 and 2010 were processed using the Getis- Ord Gi *
statistic to identify the changes in the hotspots of the Amman , Zarqa and Balqa aquifer systems for the
parameters of pH , nitrate and conductivity levels. These three parameters were examined for 57 wells . The
results indicated that localized periodic fluctuations in groundwater contamination were creating contamination
hotspots within the Amman -Zarqa basin . The results for the values of pH nitrate and conductivity revealed
areas with higher than average hotspot contamination for 2004 and 2010 in the Zarqa region. The results
suggested that the two major localized areas of contamination for all the parameters are centered on the western
Zarqa region. This region is an area dominated by urban infrastructure and irrigated lands. We used Remote
Sensing and Geographic Information Systems ( GIS ) to investigate the land use and land cover changes from
2004 to 2010 and linked these changes to the changes in water quality . Mahalanobis distance supervised
classification was conducted on both Landsat and ASTER images to determine the extent of land use and land
cover change . The study found there were clear changes in urban and vegetation land use and land cover
classes between 2004 and 2010 in the study regions . The study also indicated that the land use and land cover
change have a significant impact on the water quality , resulting in the increased hotspot levels of pH , nitrate
and conductivity .
Ashraf Khashroum1 Mohammed Ibrahim2 Ebraheem Al-Tahat3 Khaled Alqadi1 Saleh A-Shdiefat1 Mohammad Al-Alawneh4 1.Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan 2.Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 11, Jerash 26110, Jordan 3.Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Faculty of Agriculture, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26110, Jordan 4.Ph.D., Ministry of Education
robable Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Some Long-Term Irrigated Soils with Zarga River Water in Jordan
Abstract
Heavy metals are bio-accumulated and bio-transferred both by natural and anthropogenic sources. The
contamination by heavy metals in plants and water is one of the major issues to be faced throughout the world
and requires attention because heavy metals above their normal ranges are extremely threatened to both plant
and animal life. It was therefore of interest to conduct study to estimate levels of heavy metals in water and soil
at Zarga River. Soil and water samples were also analyzed for physico-chemical parameters such as pH, and
electrical conductivity. The aims of this study were to determine level of some heavy metals in water of Zarga
River and to examine the probable accumulation of heavy metals in soils irrigated with Zarga river water in
contrast with adjacent soils in the area. Results showed that the pH, EC, and water electrolytes (Ca, Mg, Na, K,
Cl, HCO3, SO4) of water samples at the middle of the river (B) were higher than that at the beginning or at the
end of the river . On the other hand, it was shown that the pH, EC, Cd, Pb, and Ni values of soil samples near the
river (location A) were higher than other samples that were away including (B location) and (C location).
Keywords: Soil, Heavy metals, Water, pH, Electrical conductivity
Journal: Journal of Natural Sciences Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3186 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0921 (Online) Vol.6, No.24, 2016